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8 MDCAT Chemistry questions with answers and explanations.
How many electrons does a chloride ion (Cl-) have? (Atomic number of chlorine is 17.)
Correct answer: 18
A chlorine atom has 17 electrons. Gaining one electron to form Cl- gives 18.
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
Correct answer: Fluorine
Fluorine is the most electronegative element, with a value of about 4.0 on the Pauling scale.
The electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 belongs to:
Correct answer: Magnesium
The electrons add up to 12, which is the atomic number of magnesium.
Which quantum number describes the shape of an orbital?
Correct answer: Azimuthal quantum number (l)
The azimuthal quantum number l sets the shape: l = 0 is s, l = 1 is p, l = 2 is d.
Across a period from left to right, the atomic radius generally:
Correct answer: Decreases
The nuclear charge rises while electrons are added to the same shell, so the nucleus pulls the electrons in more strongly.
How many neutrons are in an atom of carbon-14? (Atomic number 6.)
Correct answer: 8
Neutrons = mass number minus atomic number = 14 - 6 = 8.
The sodium ion (Na+) has the same electronic configuration as which noble gas?
Correct answer: Neon
Sodium has 11 electrons. Na+ has 10, the same as neon.
What is the maximum number of electrons that a 3d subshell can hold?
Correct answer: 10
A d subshell has five orbitals and each holds two electrons, so the maximum is 10.