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Waves, sound and optics

8 MDCAT Physics questions with answers and explanations.

All questions with answers
  1. A wave has a frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 4 m. What is its speed?

    • 1 12.5 m/s
    • 2 54 m/s
    • 3 200 m/s
    • 4 400 m/s
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    Correct answer: 200 m/s

    v = f x wavelength = 50 x 4 = 200 m/s.

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  2. Sound cannot travel through:

    • 1 Water
    • 2 Steel
    • 3 Air
    • 4 A vacuum
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    Correct answer: A vacuum

    Sound is a mechanical wave and needs a medium. In a vacuum there are no particles to carry it.

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  3. Light travels at 3 x 10^8 m/s in vacuum and 2 x 10^8 m/s in glass. What is the refractive index of the glass?

    • 1 0.67
    • 2 1.5
    • 3 2.0
    • 4 5.0
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    Correct answer: 1.5

    n = c / v = 3 x 10^8 / 2 x 10^8 = 1.5.

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  4. Total internal reflection occurs when light goes from:

    • 1 A rarer to a denser medium at any angle
    • 2 A denser to a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle
    • 3 A denser to a rarer medium at an angle less than the critical angle
    • 4 Air into water at 90 degrees
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    Correct answer: A denser to a rarer medium at an angle greater than the critical angle

    Light must travel from a denser into a rarer medium, and the angle of incidence must exceed the critical angle.

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  5. What is the power of a lens whose focal length is 0.5 m?

    • 1 0.5 D
    • 2 1 D
    • 3 2 D
    • 4 5 D
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    Correct answer: 2 D

    Power = 1 / f in metres = 1 / 0.5 = 2 dioptres.

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  6. When a wave passes from one medium to another, which quantity stays the same?

    • 1 Speed
    • 2 Wavelength
    • 3 Frequency
    • 4 Amplitude
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    Correct answer: Frequency

    The frequency is set by the source. Speed and wavelength change when the medium changes.

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  7. A convex lens can form a real image when the object is placed:

    • 1 Closer than the focal length
    • 2 Beyond the focal length
    • 3 At the lens itself
    • 4 Only at infinity
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    Correct answer: Beyond the focal length

    If the object is beyond the focal point, the rays converge on the far side and form a real image. Inside the focal length the image is virtual.

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  8. As a source of sound moves towards a stationary listener, the listener hears:

    • 1 A lower frequency
    • 2 A higher frequency
    • 3 No change in frequency
    • 4 A lower speed of sound
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    Correct answer: A higher frequency

    This is the Doppler effect. Waves in front of a moving source are squeezed closer together, so the frequency is higher.

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